{"tema_id":"96","string":"Human tendencies","created":"2026-02-03 18:56:59","code":null,"notes":[{"@type":"Scope note","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Use for the Montessori concept of universal, innate predispositions that guide human adaptation, self-construction, purposeful activity, communication, and the fulfillment of material and spiritual needs. For motivation arising from an inner vital force, use horme. "},{"@type":"Definition","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Human tendencies are innate, universal traits that are present in every human being across cultures and ages. As Mario Montessori described, human tendencies act as internal compasses, guiding individuals towards particular ends. The human tendencies include activity (also referred to as movement or work), self-preservation and self-development, orientation, exploration, order, communication, abstraction and imagination, concentration \u2013 repetition \u2013 self-perfection, and exactness and precision. Human tendencies act as intrinsic powers within individuals. The relationships between the human tendencies are dynamic, synergistic, and interdependent.Innate, universal traits that are present in every human being across cultures and ages. As Mario Montessori described, human tendencies act as internal compasses, guiding individuals towards particular ends. The human tendencies include activity (also referred to as movement or work), self-preservation and self-development, orientation, exploration, order, communication, abstraction and imagination, concentration \u2013 repetition \u2013 self-perfection, and exactness and precision. Human tendencies act as intrinsic powers within individuals. The relationships between the human tendencies are dynamic, synergistic, and interdependent. "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Maria Montessori Sources)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Montessori, M. M. (1966). The human tendencies and Montessori education (Rev. ed.). Association Montessori Internationale. (Original lecture delivered in 1956 and previously published as Tendencies of man.) "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Maria Montessori Sources)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Montessori, M. M., Jr. (1976). Education for human development: Understanding Montessori. Schocken Books. "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Maria Montessori Sources)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Montessori, M. (2007). The absorbent mind (pp. 75-86). Montessori-Pierson Publishing Company. (Original work published 1949) "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Montessori Related Sources)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Stephenson, M. E. (2000). The human tendencies. The NAMTA Journal, 25(3), 5\u201322. https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/do\/0db228bf-accd-4c56-bb54-7ea679adca10 "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Montessori Related Sources)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Barrameda, X. A. P. (2020). Human tendencies\u2014Authentic guideposts to human characteristics across the planes. AMI Journal 2020, 106\u2013119. Association Montessori Internationale. https:\/\/archives.montessori-ami.org\/do\/7669ea35-bb05-4d87-a9c4-3ea3b4226ec4 "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Montessori Related Sources)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Lillard, A. S. (2005). Montessori: The science behind the genius. Oxford University Press. "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Modern Scientific Insights)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"L Ecuyer, C., & Murillo, J. I. (2020). Montessori\u2019s teleological approach to education and its implications. Revista Espanola de Pedagogia, 78(277), 499\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22550\/REP78-3-2020-06 "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Modern Scientific Insights)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Moore, D. S. (2026). We Are All Dynamic Systems: Unifying Psychology\u2019s Subdisciplines With a Developmental Perspective. Review of General Psychology, 30(3), 343\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10892680261457087 "},{"@type":"Bibliographic note (Modern Scientific Insights)","@lang":"en-US","@value":"Rishi, B. A. (2026). The Vilayam Framework: A conceptual model of bidirectional human development from devolution to flourishing. Frontiers in Psychology, 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1916474 "}]}